Other Related Studies

• NIH: High-glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factor-kappaB activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects

  Conclusion: "The findings suggest that high-normal physiologic increases in blood glucose after meals aggravate inflammatory processes in lean, young adults. This mechanism may help to explain relations between carbohydrates, glycemic index, and the risk of chronic disease.

  
  Dickinson S, Hancock DP, Petocz P, Ceriello A, Brand-Miller J. High-glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factor-kappaB activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 May;87(5):1188-93. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1188. PMID: 18469238. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18469238/

• ScienceDirect: Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Underpinning of insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction

  Conclusion: "In PCOS, a dietary trigger such as glucose is capable of inducing oxidative stress to stimulate an inflammatory response even in the absence of excess adiposity. Hyperandrogenism may be the progenitor of chronic low-grade inflammation. Diet-induced inflammation in particular may be the underpinning of insulin resistance in the disorder. Inflammation directly stimulates excess ovarian androgen production. Increased abdominal adiposity contributes to the inflammatory load in PCOS, and its development may be controlled by the severity of hyperandrogenism."

  
  González F. Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: underpinning of insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction. Steroids. 2012 Mar 10;77(4):300-5. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.12.003. Epub 2011 Dec 8. PMID: 22178787; PMCID: PMC3309040. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3309040/

• SN: Insulin Resistance Effects on Sex Hormones and Ovulation in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
  Nestler, J.E. (1999). Insulin Resistance Effects on Sex Hormones and Ovulation in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. In: Reaven, G.M., Laws, A. (eds) Insulin Resistance. Contemporary Endocrinology, vol 12. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-716-1_19

• ScienceDirect: Behavioral Characteristics and Self-Reported Health Status among 2,029 Adults Consuming a “Carnivore Diet”

  Conclusion: "Contrary to common expectations, adults consuming a carnivore diet experienced few adverse effects and instead reported health benefits and high satisfaction. Cardiovascular disease risk factors
  were variably affected. The generalizability of these findings and the long-term effects of this dietary pattern require further study."

  From https://www.doctorkiltz.com/the-harvard-carnivore-diet-study/:
  

  "Self-reported changes:

  95% improved overall health

  91% improved hunger/food cravings

  89% improved energy

  85% improved mental clarity

  83% improved focus

  78% improved strength

  76% improved endurance

  69% improved sleep

  69% improved chronic disease

  66% improved memory

  How chronic conditions changed

  98% improved or resolved diabetes and insulin resistance

  97% improved or resolved gastrointestinal conditions

  96% improved or resolved musculoskeletal issues

  96% improved or resolved psychiatric symptoms

  93% improved or resolved overweight/obesity (mean BMI decreased from 27.2 to 24.3)

  93% improved or resolved hypertension

  92% improved or resolved urologic issues

  92% improved or resolved dermatologic issues

  89% improved or resolved autoimmune conditions

  84% improved or resolved cardiovascular issues

  
  How medication use changed

  100% discontinued other diabetes injectables

  92% discontinued insulin for type 2 diabetes altogether

  90% discontinued or decreased insulin

  84% discontinued oral diabetes medications.

  Level of satisfaction with the carnivore diet

  98% of participants reported being very satisfied or satisfied"

  Belinda S Lennerz, Jacob T Mey, Owen H Henn, David S Ludwig, Behavioral Characteristics and Self-Reported Health Status among 2029 Adults Consuming a “Carnivore Diet”, Current Developments in Nutrition, Volume 5, Issue 12, 2021, nzab133, ISSN 2475-2991, https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab133.

• NIH: Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus

  De Leo V, Musacchio MC, Morgante G, La Marca A, Petraglia F. Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Minerva Ginecol. 2004 Feb;56(1):53-62. PMID: 14973410. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14973410/

• IJO: Synthesis and regulation of sex hormone-binding globulin in obesity

  Hautanen, A. Synthesis and regulation of sex hormone-binding globulin in obesity.
  Int J Obes 24 (Suppl 2), S64–S70 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801281

• SN: Contribution of Dietary Carbohydrates in Induction of Oxidative Stress

  Farooqui, A. (2014). Contribution of Dietary Carbohydrates in Induction of Oxidative Stress. In: Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Neurological Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04111-7_8

• NIH: Carbohydrate nutrition and inflammatory disease mortality in older adults

  Conclusion: "These data provide new epidemiologic evidence of a potentially important link between GI and inflammatory disease mortality among older women."

  
  Buyken AE, Flood V, Empson M, Rochtchina E, Barclay AW, Brand-Miller J, Mitchell P. Carbohydrate nutrition and inflammatory disease mortality in older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Sep; 92(3):634-43. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29390. Epub 2010 Jun 23. PMID: 20573797. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20573797/

• ASRM: Is PCOS an inflammatory process?

  Conclusion: "The evidence in support of the presence of chronic inflammatory state in the majority of women with PCOS is incontrovertible. It is apparent that PCOS is associated with a significant elevation of multiple markers of inflammation including CRP, IL-18, MCP-1, and white blood count. Furthermore, PCOS is associated with other derangements associated with inflammation such as increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. While the etiology of systemic inflammation in PCOS remains unclear, recent data raise the intriguing possibility of a link between PCOS, inflammation and chronic low grade infectious agents such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori and pathogens inducing periodontal inflammation."

  
  Duleba AJ, Dokras A. Is PCOS an inflammatory process? Fertil Steril. 2012 Jan;97(1):7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.11.023. PMID: 22192135; PMCID: PMC3245829. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3245829/

• EJE: Body fat and insulin resistance independently predict increased serum C-reactive protein in hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome

  Conclusion: "PCOS is accompanied by a low-grade chronic inflammation. Body fat appears the main determining factor of this finding, which is only partly explained by insulin resistance. At least in lean women, androgen excess per se seems to play an additional, possibly protective, role in this association."

  
  Flavia Tosi, Romolo Dorizzi, Roberto Castello, Claudio Maffeis, Giovanna Spiazzi, Giacomo Zoppini, Michele Muggeo, Paolo Moghetti, Body fat and insulin resistance independently predict increased serum C-reactive protein in hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome, European Journal of Endocrinology, Volume 161, Issue 5, Nov 2009, Pages 737–745, https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-09-0379

• EJE: Inflammatory and endothelial markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

  Conclusion: "The present study demonstrates that endothelial dysfunction coexists and is influenced by the presence of increased serum levels of inflammation and endothelial activation markers in young women with PCOS. These parameters appear to be interrelated with hyperandrogenaemia in this insulin-resistant population."

  
  Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., Alexandraki, K., Piperi, C., Protogerou, A., Katsikis, I., Paterakis, T., Lekakis, J. and Panidis, D. (2006), Inflammatory and endothelial markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 36: 691-697. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01712.x

• EJE: Anti-mullerian hormone is associated with advanced glycosylated end products in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

  Conclusion: "Anti-mullerian hormone is associated with advanced glycosylated end products in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome."

  
  Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis, Athanasia Piouka, Sarantis Livadas, Christine Piperi, Ilias Katsikis, Athanasios G Papavassiliou, Demetrios Panidis, Anti-mullerian hormone is associated with advanced glycosylated end products in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome, European Journal of Endocrinology, Volume 160, Issue 5, May 2009, Pages 847–853, https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-08-0510

• AOGS: Oxidative stress but not endothelial dysfunction exists in non-obese, young group of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

  Conclusion: "In conclusion, oxidative stress is prominent in young, non-obese PCOS patients even in the absence of IR, and these patients are capable of generating an anti-oxidant response. In addition, we could not demonstrate endothelial dysfunction in this particular group of patients. This may be due to either an earlier life time of the pathologic process or to their defense system against oxidative load, or lack of having severe metabolic disturbances which may adversely affect cardiovascular system. Further studies are needed to prove if being and remaining lean and insulin sensitive would protect a PCOS patient from developing cardiovascular complications."

  
  KUŞÇU, N.K. and VAR, A. (2009), Oxidative stress but not endothelial dysfunction exists in non-obese, young group of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 88: 612-617.
  https://doi.org/10.1080/00016340902859315

• NIH: Comparison with ancestral diets suggests dense acellular carbohydrates promote an inflammatory microbiota, and may be the primary dietary cause of leptin resistance and obesity

  Spreadbury I. Comparison with ancestral diets suggests dense acellular carbohydrates promote an inflammatory microbiota, and may be the primary dietary cause of leptin resistance and obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2012;5:175-89. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S33473. Epub 2012 Jul 6. PMID: 22826636; PMCID: PMC3402009. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22826636/

• NIH: The inositols and polycystic ovary syndrome

  Conclusion: "Inositols act as second messengers for insulin, and their deficiency contributes to the various features of PCOS. Correction of MI and DCI deficiency simultaneously, by using MDI therapy, may help in alleviating metabolic, menstrual/ovulatory, and cutaneous hyper androgenic features of PCOS. Thus, MDI is a rational treatment choice, both as monotherapy and in combination, in managing PCOS..."

  
  Kalra B, Kalra S, Sharma JB. The inositols and polycystic ovary syndrome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Sep-Oct;20(5):720-724. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.189231. PMID: 27730087; PMCID: PMC5040057. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5040057/